Det tog en uge for den unge brud at rejse fra Wien, igennem Bayern til Rhinen nær Kehl, men før den unge ærkehertuginde kunne møde de franske hoffolk, der ventede på hende, var hun nødt til at gennemgå et symbolsk ritual.
Øer er det perfekte sted for brude. Maria Josefa af Sachsen, den tidligere dauphine, var blevet overdraget på selvsamme ø 23 år tidligere. Den tidligere træ pavillon fra dengang var styrtet sammen af forældelse, så i alt hast var en ny blevet rejst og velhavende borgere fra Strasbourg var blevet presset til at udlåne gobeliner og møbler, mens det lutherske universitet havde sørget for et passende podium.
På den østlige side af denne pavillon var det en østrigsk ærkehertuginde, trolovet med den franske kronprins, der trådte ind – og på den vestlige side var det en ung fransk kronprinsesse, der trådte ud, som lige havde givet afkald på alle sine forbindelser til det gamle land, inklusiv hendes tøj. Ja, selv hendes elskede hund Mops måtte hun efterlade i armene på sine østrigske tjenere.
Det var kun prins Starhemberg, der skulle ledsage Marie Antoinette helt til Versailles. Sammen med ham fortsatte hun til Compiegne skoven (ca. 40 mil nordøst fra Paris) … og endelig, efter 23 dages rejse mødte hun sin forlovede for den første gang.
Ærkehertuginde Maria Theresas franske ambassadør gav senere denne beskrivelse af hendes nye svigersøn: ”Det var som om naturen havde nægtet kronprinsen alt (han skrev faktisk Hr. Kronprins); både i hans holdning og i hans ordvalg virkede prinsens til at have en meget begrænset intelligens, han virkede meget simpel og jævn og manglede indlevelse og medfølelse.”
Der er sikkert en grad af sandhed i denne beskrivelse, men til kronprinsens forsvar må man også sige, at han aldrig havde troet, at han ville komme til at lede Frankrig. Hans bedstefar var Louis den 14., der sad på tronen i mange år. Hans forældre døde mens han var teenager og som teenager levede Louis-Auguste i skyggen af sin ældre bror, som var tronføler. Da han døde, var en af Louis-August’s største bekymring i livet om han kunne opfylde de forventninger, som hans fremtid nu krævede. Han kastede sig over studierne, især historie … og så havde han en passion for låse og låsemekanismer.
Den 16. maj 1770 blev det unge par gift på Versailles. 6 tusinde mennesker kom til reception i Spejsalen og brud og brudgom blev hyldet ved en overdådig middag i Versailles nye opera hus.
Det var ikke kærlighed ved første øjekast, men med tiden voksede kærligheden imellem det unge par.
Billedet her stamme fra Filmen "Marie Antoinette", hvor kostumedesigner Milena Canonero vandt en Oscar for "Best Achievement in Costume Design"
Billedet her stamme fra Filmen "Marie Antoinette", hvor kostumedesigner Milena Canonero vandt en Oscar for "Best Achievement in Costume Design"
Her følger endnu et brev fra Marie Antoinette, som vi har skrevet med fantasi og kreativ frihed og fantasi. Vi har med base i historiske facts forsøgt at sætte os ind i, hvordan den unge Marie har haft det på sin bryllupsdag.
Onsdag 16. maj 1770
Kæreste veninde
Det havde tordnet voldsom natten til mit bryllup, men næste morgen var det igen dejligt vejr, hvilket må siges at være heldigt forde folk, herunder en del højtstående, der skulle ud på den 3 timer lange køretur til Versailles. Der var kun adgang mod billet og der var udstedt mange officielle ordre om at dette skulle håndhæves strengt. For de højtstående var fuldt hofudstyr (grand habit du cour) absolut påkrævet. Mange af kvinderne havde været oppe ved 6-tiden om morgen for at nå at få sat deres hår op.
Jeg ankom til Versailles omkring kl. halv ti om formiddagen. Hvert eneste vindue i den store facade var fyldt med nysgerrige tilskuere. Det var på denne smukke maj morgen, at jeg fik mit første indtryk af det berømmede slot, hvor jeg formodentlig skal tilbringe resten af mine dage. Jeg kan huske at jeg missede med øjnene. Versailles varme gyldne sandsstensmure nærmest blændede og fik slottet til at gløde som var det af guld.
Jeg blev ført til mit midlertidige kvarter, nogle gemakker i underetagen, som havde tilhørt den tidligere dauphine, Maria Josefa, for dér at forberede mig til bryllupsceremonien.
Et meget ærefrygtigt øjeblik var det, da jeg blev præsenteret for de storslåede juveler, diamanter og perler som tilkom mig i egenskab af at jeg nu var Frankrigs kronprinsesse. Smykkerne havde tidligere tilhørt Maria Josefa og var ved hendes død blevet opgjort il næsten 2 millioner livres. Da der ikke var nogen eksisterende dronning af Frankrig fik jeg også et fabelagtigt halssmykke med perler, hvoraf den mindste var på størrelse med en hasselnød. Alle disse vidunderlige smykker kunne jeg nu føje til de forskellige juveler, jeg havde bragt med mig fra Wien, herunder nogle fine hvide diamanter.
Jeg fik talrige andre luksuriøse gaver, som stammede fra den franske konge, så som en vifte besat med diamanter og armsmykker med mine initialer. Der var ligeledes masser af gaver til mit følge. Under den lange ceremoni virkede min gom kold, tvær og udeltagende, men jeg tænker at han bare har været nervøs, for han dirrede af nervøsitet, da han satte ringen på min finger. Jeg kunne selv mærke nerverne, da vi skulle underskrive ægteskabskontrakten. Jeg kom til at lave en stor blækklat over det første J, da jeg skulle skrive ”Marie Antoinette Josephe Jeanne”. Det føltes uvant og fremmed at skrive ”Antoinette” frem for ”Antoine”.
Selvom det begyndte at regne senere på dagen, var alle enige om, at det havde været det fornemste kongelige bryllup, der nogensinde var blevet set. kongen selv sagde til mig, at det skyldtes brudens fornemme byrd samt mit smukke udseende i den pragtfulde hvide silkebrokade kjole.
Bryllupsnatten var et kapitel i sig selv. Intet ceremonielt blev forsømt. Ærkebiskoppen af Reims velsignede ægtesengen og kongen selv overrakte ifølge den gældende etikette sit barnebarn natskjorten. Den unge hertuginde de Chartres hjalp mig i min, hvorefter det bemærkelsesværdige store antal mennesker bukkede og nejede … og trak sig tilbage og efterlod os alene.
Både kronprinsen og jeg kunne nærmest fysisk mærke de forventninger, der lå på vores skuldre … forventninger, der desværre ikke blev indfriet dén nat idet min kære mand blot kyssede mig forsigtigt på kinden og sagde ”Godnat min skat og sov godt”, før han vendte sig og faldt i søvn med ryggen til mig.”
Selvom jeg umiddelbart var glad og letter over bare at kunne trække dynen op over næsten og falde i søvn efter en lang og anstrengende nat, håber jeg ikke, at dette vil blive historien fremover med vores ægteskabelige samliv.
Ærbødigst
Din Antoinnette
It took a week for the young bride to travel from Vienna, through Bavaria, to the Rhine near Kehl. Across the river was France, and the town of Strasbourg. But before the Austrian archduchess could meet the French courtiers waiting for her, she needed to complete a symbolic ritual.
On an island in the middle of the Rhine, a wooden pavilion had been built. Islands are in fact perfect places for brides. Maria Josefa of Sachsen, the previous dauphine, had been given away on the exact same location, 23 years earlier. The wooden pavilion from that ceremony had collapsed of old age, so in all hast a new was made og wealth people of Strasbourg had been persuaded to deliver tapestries and furniture, and the Lutheran university had arranged for a suitable podium.
Entering that building from the eastern side was an Austrian archduchess, betrothed to the dauphin of France . Leaving it, on the west side, was a young woman who had just stripped away all connections to her own country - including her clothes. Yes, even her beloved dog Mops had to be abandoned and left in the arms of her Austrian servants. Madame Antoine entered the pavilion; Le dauphine Marie Antoinette excited it.
With her entourage, Marie Antoinette - now the dauphine - continued to Compiegne (about forty miles northeas of Paris). There, after travelling twenty-three days, she met her fiancé for the first time.
Marie Theresa’s ambassador to France gave the empress a description of her new son-in-law. It was not flattering:
“Nature seems to have denied everything to Monsieur le dauphin. In his bearing and words, the prince displays a very limited amount of sense, great plainness and no sensitivity.”
In fairness, the future king never expected he would rule France . His grandfather was the long-reigning Louis XV. His parents died before he was a teenager and, while a young boy, Marie Antoinettes future husband Louis-Auguste lived in the shadow of his older brother. After the heir-to-throne also died, the new dauphin worried whether he could fulfil the expectations his future now demanded. Throwing himself into his studies, especially history, he also indulged his passion for making locks.
On May 16, 1770, the young couple was married at Versailles. Six thousand people attended a reception in the Hall of Mirrors, and a lavish wedding dinner honoured the bride and groom at Versailles ’ new Opera House.
You can’t say that it was love at first sight, but in time the young couple’s love for each other grew.
Here’s another letter from Marie Antoinette. The letter is written by us, it has it’s offspring in historical facts, but have been written with fantasy and in creative freedom. We have tried to imagine how the young Marie must have felt on her wedding day.
Wednesday May 16th 1770
Dearest friend
There had been a violent thunderstorm on the night before my wedding, but the next morning the weather had cleared and it was a lovely day, which was lucky as a lot of wedding guests had to drive 3 hours to reach Versailles. Admittance was only possible with tickets and there were strict official orders of not letting anyone in without. For those of high rank it was dictated to wear the grand habit du court, and a lot of the women had been up at six o’clock so that they had time enough for their makeup and hair.
I arrived to Versailles about half past ten in the morning. Every window in the great facade was filled with nosey spectators. It was on this beautiful May morning I got my first impression of the famous castle, where I’m supposedly have to spend the rest of my life. I remember that I had to shut my eyes. The warm, golden limestone walls almost blinded me and made the chateau glow as it was made of gold. I was taken to my intermediate quarters, some chambers in the lower stock, which had previous belonged to the dauphine Maria Josefa. There I should prepare myself for the wedding ceremony.
It was an awe-inspiring moment when they introduced me for the grand jewels, diamonds and pearls which were mine now, in my capacity of the crown princess, la dauphine, of France. The jewelry previous belonged to Maria Josefa and their value had after her dead been estimated to about 2 million livres. Since there was no Queen of France at present time I also got a fabulous pearl necklace. The smallest pearl was at a size of a hazelnut. All these wonderful jewels could now been added to my selection of jewels brought from Vienna.
I received numerous other luxurious gifts from the French king, as fx a fan fitted with diamonds and arm rings with my initials. Also my entourage got lots of presents. During the long ceremony my future husband seemed cold, annoyed and unattached, but I thought that he was maybe just nervous, because his hands shook, when he placed the ring on my finger. I could feel the nerves myself, when we signed the marriage contract. I my accident made a large ink stain over the initial J, when I was signing myself as “Marie Antoinette Josephe Jeanne”. It felt strange and unaccustomed to write “Antoinette” instead of “Antoine”.
Even if it started to rain later that day, everyone agreed that it had been the most distinguished royal wedding ever seen. The king said to me that this was because of the bride’s noble decent and my beautiful appearance in the wonderful white silk brocade.
The wedding night was a chapter for itself. Nothing was neglected, ceremonial wise. The Archbishop blessed the conjugal bed and according to etiquette it was the king himself who presented the nightshirt to his grandchild. The young duchess de Chartres helped me in mine, whereupon the remarkable great number of people present bowed … and retired and left us alone.
Both the crown prince and I could almost physically feel the expectations resting on our shoulders … expectations which unfortunately was not meet that night, as my dear husband only kissed me carefully on the cheek and said: “Goodnight dear and sleep tight”, before he turned away and fell asleep.
Even though I immediately felt happy and relieved just to be able to draw the covers up under my nose and fall asleep after a long and stressful day, I don’t hope that this will be the story of our marital relations in the time to come.
yours faithfully
Antoine
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